MOA Regained: A Critique of Symmetry Lost
Abstract In a recent paper by Fritz, Lo and Schmid(Fritz et al 2025), published in Noûs demonstrated that in lower modal logics e.g. KT and S4, a case for atheism can be lodged. I will demonstrate that while their case is logically valid in these lower modal logics, I have potentially an undercutting defeater for their central claim that non-existence of God can be established using the Reverse Modal Ontological Argument (RMOA) in these lower logics. If successful I will show that even in lower modal logics, using the law of non-contradiction, the Modal Ontological Argument can be prioritised. 1. Introduction In Symmetry Lost: A Modal Ontological Argument For Atheism, the authors give a formal proof that on lower modal logics God (g) does not exist in the actual world. While this was logically valid in KT and S4 modal logics, their conclusion I will argue is metaphysically impossible. If successful, I will use the law of non-contradiction to show that if g is ep...